环境：ubuntu-20.04, kubernetes:v1.22.1
1. 安装docker
安装时有可能会遇到网络问题，你可以选择换源或是为apt设置代理，设置代理的方法见这里
- 更新源镜像并安装依赖
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install \
apt-transport-https \
ca-certificates \
curl \
gnupg \
lsb-release
- 安装docker 官方GPG密钥
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
- 设置稳定版本
echo \
"deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
- 安装docker
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
- 安装docker-compose(可选)
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
2. 安装kubectl, kubeadm, kubelet
- 更新源镜像并安装依赖
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
- 下载谷歌公共签名密钥
对于curl, 可使用 -x , –proxy <[protocol://][user:password@]proxyhost[:port]> 来设置代理
sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg
- 将kubernetes增加到apt仓库
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
- 更新软件源并安装
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
3. 使用kubeadm安装kubernetes
kubeadm init
这一步回到Google的镜像仓库拉取一些镜像，如果拉取不到或者速度过慢，可使用阿里的镜像源 kubeadm init –image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
若这一步失败，调整设置重新启动之前，需要先
kubeadm reset
4. 遇到的坑
4.1 swap
要确保swap已被关闭
使用free -m查看swap大小
free -m
确保swap那一行为0
关闭swap方法
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
4.2 cgourp-driver
docker的cgroup driver默认是cgroupfs，需要更改为systemed
使用docker info命令查看：
如果显示的是cgroupfs，那么需要进行更改
改动方法：
创建/etc/docker/daemon.json，编辑内容为：
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
然后重启docker服务：
systemctl restart docker
再次重试：
kubeadm reset
kubeadm init
4.3 阿里云镜像tag不对
解决方法是拉取最新版本的镜像，然后更改其tag
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_container/coredns:latest
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_container/coredns:latest registry.aliyuncs.com/google_container/coredns:v1.8.4
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_container/coredns:latest
4.4 node NotReady
安装完成后，使用kubectl get nodes查看发现状态为NotReady
使用kubectl describe ndoes查看报错信息，有如下输出，可以看到问题是network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitialized
...
Conditions:
Type Status LastHeartbeatTime LastTransitionTime Reason Message
---- ------ ----------------- ------------------ ------ -------
MemoryPressure False Sat, 04 Sep 2021 10:16:25 +0800 Sat, 04 Sep 2021 09:15:45 +0800 KubeletHasSufficientMemory kubelet has sufficient memory available
DiskPressure False Sat, 04 Sep 2021 10:16:25 +0800 Sat, 04 Sep 2021 09:15:45 +0800 KubeletHasNoDiskPressure kubelet has no disk pressure
PIDPressure False Sat, 04 Sep 2021 10:16:25 +0800 Sat, 04 Sep 2021 09:15:45 +0800 KubeletHasSufficientPID kubelet has sufficient PID available
Ready False Sat, 04 Sep 2021 10:16:25 +0800 Sat, 04 Sep 2021 09:15:45 +0800 KubeletNotReady container runtime network not ready: NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:docker: network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitialized
...
解决方法： 安装weave
根据https://www.weave.works/docs/net/latest/kubernetes/kube-addon/，只需运行如下命令:
kubectl apply -f "https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/net?k8s-version=$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n')"
再次查看nodes
kubectl get nodes
状态为Ready
4.5 1 node(s) had taints that the pod didn’t tolerate:
这个问题是在创建pod时出现的
这是因为kubernetes默认不许往master安装，强制允许
kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-